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由于電子管體積大(da)(da)、功耗大(da)(da)、發熱厲害、壽命短、電源(yuan)(yuan)利用(yong)(yong)效率低、結構脆弱而且需要(yao)高(gao)壓電源(yuan)(yuan)的缺(que)點，它(ta)的絕大(da)(da)部分用(yong)(yong)途已經(jing)被固體器件晶(jing)體管所(suo)取代。電子管負載能(neng)力強、線性(xing)性(xing)能(neng)優(you)于晶(jing)體管、工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)頻(pin)率高(gao)、高(gao)頻(pin)大(da)(da)功率領(ling)域的工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)特性(xing)要(yao)比晶(jing)體管更(geng)好。所(suo)以仍然在(zai)一些地方(如(ru)大(da)(da)功率無線電發射設備，高(gao)頻(pin)介質加(jia)熱設備)繼續發揮著不可替(ti)代的作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。

電(dian)(dian)子管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)按其用途(tu)的(de)不同(tong)可(ke)分為電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)放大管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、功率放大管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、充(chong)氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、閘流(liu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、引燃(ran)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、變頻管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、整流(liu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、檢波管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、調諧指示管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(電(dian)(dian)眼(yan))、穩壓(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等。按其電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)數的(de)不同(tong)可(ke)分為電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)放大管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、三極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、四極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、五(wu)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、六極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、七極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、八極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、九極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和復合管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等。三極(ji)(ji)以上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)又稱為多極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)或多柵管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。

隨(sui)著“廣東強芯”工(gong)(gong)程深(shen)入推(tui)進(jin)，廣東向“打(da)造中國(guo)集成(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)第三極”目標邁出堅實步伐。1月12日(ri)發(fa)布的廣東省政(zheng)府(fu)工(gong)(gong)作報(bao)告顯示，粵芯二(er)期、瑞慶時代、廣汽自主品牌20萬(wan)輛新(xin)能源汽車擴(kuo)產、華星光電(dian)T9生產線等項目已建成(cheng)投產。

此外，粵芯(xin)三期(qi)、華潤微電子、增(zeng)芯(xin)科(ke)技(ji)傳(chuan)感器等集成(cheng)電路重大制(zhi)造(zao)項目(mu)獲批建(jian)設。廣東在政府(fu)工作(zuo)報告中還(huan)提(ti)出，要加快補齊集成(cheng)電路、工業母機等產業鏈(lian)關鍵環節，實施龍頭企(qi)業保鏈(lian)穩鏈(lian)工程、汽車零(ling)部件產業強鏈(lian)工程，加快粵芯(xin)三期(qi)、增(zeng)芯(xin)科(ke)技(ji)傳(chuan)感器、華潤微電子、江門中創(chuang)新航等項目(mu)建(jian)設。

江蘇(su)用政(zheng)策紅利潤澤(ze)企業(ye)(ye)。1月19日(ri)，江蘇(su)正(zheng)式印發《關(guan)于進(jin)一步促進(jin)集成(cheng)電路產業(ye)(ye)高質量發展的(de)若干政(zheng)策》，提出提升(sheng)產業(ye)(ye)創新(xin)能力、提升(sheng)產業(ye)(ye)鏈整(zheng)體水平(ping)、形成(cheng)財稅(shui)金融支持合力、增強產業(ye)(ye)人才支撐、優化發展環境等5個(ge)大(da)類(lei)26條(tiao)具(ju)體措(cuo)施。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)管是一種(zhong)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)發射和(he)控制的器件，它在20世紀初(chu)被發明，推動了(le)無線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視、雷(lei)達(da)等(deng)領(ling)域的發展(zhan)(zhan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)管的技(ji)術進步包括改進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)發射材料(liao)、增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極數目、縮小體積、提高頻率(lv)響(xiang)應等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)管、晶(jing)體管、半導體材料(liao)、集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、大(da)規模或超大(da)規模集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)等(deng)一系列的技(ji)術發明和(he)創新(xin)構成了(le)無線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)學(xue)的發展(zhan)(zhan)之旅，推動著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)信息(xi)產業(ye)的不斷轉(zhuan)型升級。如今，人類社會(hui)正(zheng)進入以互聯網、大(da)數據、人工智能為主要特征(zheng)的新(xin)的發展(zhan)(zhan)階段，而(er)推動這一發展(zhan)(zhan)的主要原動力仍是60年前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)學(xue)最(zui)為偉大(da)的發明——集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。

電(dian)子(zi)管(guan)小(xiao)型化(hua)能夠縮(suo)小(xiao)體(ti)積(ji)、減輕重量(liang)、提(ti)高性能和降(jiang)低電(dian)耗，符合(he)市場(chang)的(de)基本(ben)需求。隨著第一臺電(dian)子(zi)計(ji)算機(ji)(ji)ENIAC的(de)出現，電(dian)子(zi)管(guan)的(de)缺點(dian)更加明顯。這臺電(dian)子(zi)計(ji)算機(ji)(ji)共用電(dian)子(zi)管(guan)約(yue)1.8萬只，體(ti)積(ji)有90立方米(mi)，質量(liang)達30噸，占地面積(ji)為167平方米(mi)，耗電(dian)量(liang)高達150千瓦時。另(ling)外，隨著電(dian)子(zi)設備(bei)功(gong)能的(de)擴大和要求的(de)提(ti)高，電(dian)子(zi)管(guan)的(de)使(shi)用壽命和可靠(kao)等缺點(dian)也成為亟待解決的(de)問題(ti)。

隨(sui)著下游市場消費電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)、汽車(che)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)、工業(ye)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)等多個行(xing)業(ye)的(de)高速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)以及(ji)(ji)新能源汽車(che)、物聯網、新能源等新興領域的(de)興起，我(wo)國電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)元(yuan)件(jian)及(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)專(zhuan)用材料制造的(de)需(xu)求迅速(su)擴大，帶動電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)管行(xing)業(ye)的(de)快(kuai)速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)。數據顯示，2020年中國電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)元(yuan)件(jian)及(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)專(zhuan)用材料制造行(xing)業(ye)營業(ye)收入21485.2億元(yuan)，同(tong)比增長(chang)11.30%。